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Journal of Occupational Health Jul 2019Cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases (CCVDs) and mental disorders, including suicide, are prevalent among overworked individuals in Japan. The 2014 legislation... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases (CCVDs) and mental disorders, including suicide, are prevalent among overworked individuals in Japan. The 2014 legislation regarding the prevention of overwork-related deaths and disorders has accelerated the research in this field and ultimately the implementation of preventive actions.
METHODS
To understand the current problematic situations, the Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders of the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan, conducted analyses of compensated claims for overwork-related CCVDs and mental disorders that were recognized from January 2010 to March 2015.
RESULTS
The majority of CCVD cases were the men in their 50s. Transport and postal activities was the highest risk industry. Cerebrovascular cases were higher than cardiovascular ones. Long working hours was the principal factor for CCVDs. The mental disorder cases comprised approximately 70% men and affected younger age groups (peak in the third decade) with various industries at risk. In men, there was an almost equal number of F3 (Mood [affective] disorders) and F4 (Neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders) diagnoses according to the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. A larger number of women were diagnosed to have F4. The mental disorder cases were associated not only with long working hours, but also with injuries and disasters as well as interpersonal conflict at work.
CONCLUSIONS
Multiple, simultaneous actions need to be made by employees, employers, researchers, and the authorities to achieve the goal of reducing the number of workers suffering from the overwork-related CCVDs and mental disorders.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Humans; Japan; Mental Disorders; Occupational Diseases; Occupational Health; Occupations; Suicide; Work Schedule Tolerance; Workload
PubMed: 30977205
DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12016 -
Stroke May 2021
Topics: Adult; Carotid Artery Diseases; Carotid Artery, Internal; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Computed Tomography Angiography; Humans; Male; Marijuana Abuse
PubMed: 33765867
DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.032428 -
Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical... Nov 2014Diabetic cerebrovascular diseases are defined as cerebral vascular diseases induced by diabetes with sugar, fat and a series of nutrient substance metabolic disorders,... (Review)
Review
Diabetic cerebrovascular diseases are defined as cerebral vascular diseases induced by diabetes with sugar, fat and a series of nutrient substance metabolic disorders, resulting in intracranial large and small vessel diseases. About 20%-40% patients with type 2 diabetes suffer from cerebral blood vessel diseases. Diabetic cerebrovascular diseases are the main causes of death in patients with diabetes mellitus. The major clinical manifestations are asymptomatic cerebral atherosclerosis, stroke, cerebral small vessel disease and acute cerebral vascular disease. The pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of diabetic cerebrovascular disease are obviously different from non-diabetic cerebral vascular diseases. This paper will focus on the diabetic cerebrovascular disease, including its latest research progress. Diabetic cerebral large vascular disease and diabetic cerebral small vessel disease will be reviewed here.
Topics: Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Humans; Intracranial Arteriosclerosis; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Stroke
PubMed: 25428668
DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2014.4.203 -
Pediatric Neurology Dec 2023Despite an increase in the number of genes associated with pediatric stroke, imaging phenotypes in children have not been well reported. Guidelines are needed to... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Despite an increase in the number of genes associated with pediatric stroke, imaging phenotypes in children have not been well reported. Guidelines are needed to facilitate the identification and treatment of patients with monogenic causes of cerebrovascular disorders.
METHODS
We performed a retrospective review of imaging and medical records of patients aged zero to 21 years with monogenic causes of vascular malformations, small or large vessel disease, transient ischemic attacks, and/or ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. We classified patients according to their imaging phenotype and reviewed neurological and systemic features and management strategies. We reviewed the literature to identify genes associated with cerebrovascular disorders presenting in childhood.
RESULTS
We identified 18 patients with monogenic causes of cerebrovascular disorders and classified each patient as belonging to one or more of three cerebrovascular phenotypes according to predominant imaging characteristics: small vessel disease, large vessel disease, and/or vascular malformations. Preventative treatments included aspirin, N-acetylcysteine, tocilizumab, therapeutic low-molecular-weight heparin, and resection of vascular malformations.
CONCLUSIONS
Classifying pediatric patients with cerebrovascular disorders by imaging phenotype can aid in determining the next steps in genetic testing and treatment.
Topics: Humans; Child; Aged; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Stroke; Acetylcysteine; Vascular Malformations
PubMed: 37776659
DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.08.026 -
Journal of Neurochemistry Mar 2018In this review, we will discuss the progressive decline in cognitive and intellectual performance in late life that has led to great challenges for medical and community... (Review)
Review
In this review, we will discuss the progressive decline in cognitive and intellectual performance in late life that has led to great challenges for medical and community services. The term 'vascular cognitive impairment' is defined as any cognitive impairment that is caused by or associated with vascular factors. It can occur alone or in association with Alzheimer disease. The good news is that because vascular risk factors are treatable, it should be possible to prevent or delay some dementias. Since vascular cognitive impairment may often go unrecognized, many experts recommend screening with brief tests to assess memory, thinking, and reasoning for everyone considered to be at high risk for this disorder. Up to 64% of persons 65 years or older who have experienced a stroke have some degree of cognitive impairment with up to one third developing dementia. Postmortem studies indicate that up to 34% of dementia cases show significant vascular pathology. It suggests that ischemic stroke triggers additional pathophysiological process that may lead to a secondary degenerative process that may interact with Alzheimer disease pathology thus accelerating the ongoing primary neurodegeneration. Mechanisms could include hypoperfusion, hypoxia, and neuroinflammation, one of the links between the two pathologies. Stroke and dementia share the same risk and protective factors. Since stroke interact with dementia of all types it may already be possible to reduce or delay some dementias by a number of interventions known to prevent stroke. This article is part of the Special Issue "Vascular Dementia".
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Cognitive Dysfunction; Humans; Risk Factors
PubMed: 29266273
DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14283 -
Archives of Disease in Childhood Oct 2008Stroke and cerebrovascular disorders are important causes of morbidity and mortality in children; they are already amongst the top 10 causes of childhood death and are... (Review)
Review
Stroke and cerebrovascular disorders are important causes of morbidity and mortality in children; they are already amongst the top 10 causes of childhood death and are probably increasing in prevalence. Acute treatment of stroke syndromes in adults is now evidence based. However, paediatric stroke syndromes are far less common and the differential diagnosis is very wide, but the individual health resource implications are much greater because of the life-long treatment costs in survivors. Recognition and consultation with a paediatric neurologist should be rapid so that children can benefit from regional services with emergency neurological, neuroradiological and neurosurgical intervention and paediatric intensive care. This review focuses on the epidemiology, presentation, differential diagnosis, generic/specific emergency management and prognosis of acute stroke in children. Its aim is to educate and guide management by general paediatricians and to emphasise the importance of local guidelines for the initial investigation and treatment and appropriate transfer of these children.
Topics: Cerebrovascular Disorders; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Risk Factors; Stroke; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 18591185
DOI: 10.1136/adc.2008.142836 -
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and... Nov 2023Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) refers to all forms of cognitive disorder related to cerebrovascular diseases, including vascular mild cognitive impairment,... (Review)
Review
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) refers to all forms of cognitive disorder related to cerebrovascular diseases, including vascular mild cognitive impairment, post-stroke dementia, multi-infarct dementia, subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD), and mixed dementia. Among the causes of VCI, more attention has been paid to SIVD because the causative cerebral small vessel pathologies are frequently observed in elderly people and because the gradual progression of cognitive decline often mimics Alzheimer's disease. In most cases, small vessel diseases are accompanied by cerebral hypoperfusion. In mice, prolonged cerebral hypoperfusion is induced by bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) with surgically implanted metal micro-coils. This cerebral hypoperfusion BCAS model was proposed as a SIVD mouse model in 2004, and the spreading use of this mouse SIVD model has provided novel data regarding cognitive dysfunction and histological/genetic changes by cerebral hypoperfusion. Oxidative stress, microvascular injury, excitotoxicity, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and secondary inflammation may be the main mechanisms of brain damage due to prolonged cerebral hypoperfusion, and some potential therapeutic targets for SIVD have been proposed by using transgenic mice or clinically used drugs in BCAS studies. This review article overviews findings from the studies that used this hypoperfused-SIVD mouse model, which were published between 2004 and 2021.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Animals; Aged; Carotid Stenosis; Dementia, Vascular; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Disease Models, Animal; Brain Ischemia; Mice, Inbred C57BL
PubMed: 36883344
DOI: 10.1177/0271678X231154597 -
Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria (Sao... Dec 2011Vascular depression (VaD) hypothesis supports a bidirectional relationship between cerebrovascular risk factors (CRFs) and depression. We examined whether such concept... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Vascular depression (VaD) hypothesis supports a bidirectional relationship between cerebrovascular risk factors (CRFs) and depression. We examined whether such concept is appropriate for clinical interventions; i.e., whether treating depressive symptoms has an impact on cerebrovascular risk and vice-versa.
METHOD
Systematic review on interventional studies published from October-1997 to April-2010 on MEDLINE and other databases. Search terms were "depressive disorder" (MeSH), "cerebrovascular disorders" (MeSH), and a batch of highly accurate terms to search for experimental and quasi-experimental trials. We used a structured questionnaire to assess the adequacy of the VaD criteria used for vascular, depression, neuroimaging, and neuropsychological features, as well as the main results of each study.
RESULTS
Of the 357 retrieved studies, 12 met our eligibility criteria. These studies adequately reported depression criterion, moderately reported neuroimaging and neuropsychological criteria, and showed severe flaws in vascular assessment. Efficacy trials suggested that nimodipine, transcranial magnetic stimulation, carotid stent placement, and citalopram were effective for VaD. Exploratory studies suggested that white-matter hyperintensities and global vascular risk are predictors of poor response. Although the low quality of the studies hinders the findings' generalization, studies of higher validity support the VaD concept for interventions.
CONCLUSION
VaD seems to be a useful concept for clinical interventions; however, further trials should refine CRFs criteria to assess its impact on antidepressant efficacy.
Topics: Cerebrovascular Disorders; Clinical Trials as Topic; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Male; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk Factors; Sample Size; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 22189931
DOI: 10.1590/s1516-44462011000400015 -
Brain Pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) Jul 2002Non-atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disorders are considered to occur less frequently than those caused by embolic or thrombotic disease. Such sporadic disorders... (Review)
Review
Non-atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disorders are considered to occur less frequently than those caused by embolic or thrombotic disease. Such sporadic disorders resulting from direct effects on the cerebral or peripheral vasculature include hypertensive small vessel disease, vascular inflammatory conditions, aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations. Remarkably, some of these are also inherited in an autosomal dominant manner and appear to entail degeneration or abnormal differentiation of blood vessel wall elements such as smooth muscle, endothelial cells, pericytes and the perivascular nerve plexus. Two intensively investigated examples of these include the cerebral amyloid angiopathies and distinct primary arteriopathies such as CADASIL. The identification of novel genes associated with the hereditary forms of cerebrovascular disorders has been invaluable to understanding of the pathogenesis and management of sporadic disease.
Topics: Blood Vessels; Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Dementia, Multi-Infarct; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations; Stroke; Vasculitis
PubMed: 12146802
DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2002.tb00448.x -
Canadian Medical Association Journal Oct 1972The stroke syndrome in adults encompasses a limited number of lesions occurring over an extended age-span. In children the syndrome includes a wide variety of lesions... (Review)
Review
The stroke syndrome in adults encompasses a limited number of lesions occurring over an extended age-span. In children the syndrome includes a wide variety of lesions seen in only one and one-half decades. This general review examines common aspects of the syndrome as it is seen in children. Attention is paid to cerebrovascular occlusive disease, arteriovenous malformations, intracranial aneurysms, spontaneous intracerebral hematomas and cerebrovascular complications of cardiac surgery. Conclusions are based on the authors' experience in treating patients in the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Child; Child, Preschool; Extracorporeal Circulation; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Intracranial Aneurysm; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations; Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis; Methods; Microsurgery
PubMed: 4565135
DOI: No ID Found